What is FPC? An Introduction to Flexible Printed Circuits

Flexible Printed Circuits (FPCs)—often referred to as flex circuits or flexible boards—are highly valued in modern electronics for their lightweight, ultra-thin profiles, and ability to be bent, folded, and shaped freely.

As the electronics industry shifts toward high-precision and high-density designs, traditional manual visual inspection methods are no longer sufficient to meet strict production demands. Consequently, automated defect detection has become an inevitable trend to ensure efficiency and reliability in modern FPC manufacturing.

Originating in the United States during the 1970s to advance aerospace and rocket technology, FPCs are built on polyimide or polyester film base materials. By embedding intricate circuit designs onto these ultra-thin plastic sheets, engineers can stack a massive number of precision components into extremely confined spaces. Today, thanks to their excellent heat dissipation, compact size, and ease of installation, FPCs continue to break through the limits of traditional interconnection technology, relying on premium insulating films, conductors, and advanced adhesives.